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by surprise

  • 1 έκπληξη

    surprise

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά νέο λεξικό (Greek-English new dictionary) > έκπληξη

  • 2 πεπραξικοπηκότα

    πραξικοπέω
    take by surprise: perf part act neut nom /voc /acc pl
    πραξικοπέω
    take by surprise: perf part act masc acc sg

    Morphologia Graeca > πεπραξικοπηκότα

  • 3 εἶτα

    εἶτα, [dialect] Ion. [full] εἶτεν (q.v., cf. ἔπειτα, -εν), Adv., used to denote the Sequence of one act or state upon another:
    I of Sequence in time, without any notion of Cause, then, next,

    πρῶτα μέν.., εἶτα.. S.El. 262

    , cf. Pl.Phdr. 251a, etc. ; soon, presently, S.OT 452 ; εἶτα τί τοῦτο; well, what then? Ar.Nu. 347, Pl.Prt. 309a ; εἶτα.. τότε then.. after that, Ar.Eq. 1036 codd. (fort. τόδε): freq. repeated, sts. alternating with ἔπειτα, then.., next.., then.., after that.., etc., Men.154, etc. ; with πάλιν, SIG1171 ; εἶτ' οὖν also, Sch.Pi.O.7.68.
    2 freq. with finite Verb after a part., expressing surprise or incongruity, and then, and yet,

    μή μοι προτείνων κέρδος εἶτ' ἀποστέρει A.Pr. 777

     ;

    ἆρα κλύουσα, μῆτερ, εἶτ' ἔρξεις κακῶς ; E.El. 1058

    , cf. S.El.53, Aj. 468, 1092, 1094, X.An.1.2.25, etc. ; cf.

    ἔπειτα 1.3

    .
    II to denote Consequence, and so, therefore, accordingly ; esp. in questions or exclamations to express surprise, indignation, contempt, sarcasm, and the like , and then..? and so..?

    κᾆτ' οὐ δέχονται λιτάς ; S.Ant. 1019

    , cf. OC 418 ;

    εἶτ' ἐγὼ μὲν οὐ φρονῶ ; E.Andr. 666

     ; κᾆτα ποῦ' στιν ἡ δίκη; Id.Ph. 548 ;

    εἶτ' ἐσίγας, Πλοῦτος ὤν ; Ar.Pl.79

     ;

    εἶτ' ἄνδρα τῶν αὑτοῦ τι χρὴ προϊέναι ; Id.Nu. 1214

     ;

    εἶτ' οὐκ αἰσχύνεσθε ; D.1.24

    , cf. Pl.Ap. 28b ;

    οὐκ οἴεσθε δεῖν χρήματα εἰσφέρειν, εἶτα θαυμάζετε.. ; D. 21.203

     ;

    εἶτ' οὐκ ἐπῳδούς φασιν ἰσχύειν τινές ; Antiph. 217.15

     ;

    εἶτ' οὐ περίεργόν ἐστιν ἄνθρωπος φυτόν ; Alex.141.1

    , etc.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > εἶτα

  • 4 ποῖος

    ποῖος, α, ον, [dialect] Ion. [full] κοῖος, η, ον,
    A of what kind? in Hom. commonly expressing surprise and anger, π. τὸν μῦθον ἔειπες what manner of speech hast thou spoken! Il.1.552, al.;

    ποῖόν σε ἔπος φύγεν ἕρκος ὀδόντων 4.350

    , al.; simply,

    ποῖον ἔειπες 13.824

    , Od.2.85, al.;

    ποῖον ἔρεξας Il.23.570

    ; ποῖοί κ' εἶτ' Ὀδυσῆϊ ἀμυνέμεν what sort would ye be to.. ! Od.21.195; in simple questions,

    ποίῃ.. νηΐ σε ναῦται ἤγαγον; 16.222

    ;

    κοίῃ χειρί; Hdt.4.155

    , cf. A.Th. 304 (lyr.), etc.; ποῖος οὐ interrog., equiv. to every affirm., Hdt.7.21, S.OT 420, etc.
    2 freq. in Com. and Prose dialogue, used in repeating a word used by the former speaker, to express scornful surprise, Πρωτέως τάδ' ἐστὶ μέλαθρα. Answ.

    ποίου Πρωτέως; Ar.Th. 874

    , cf. Ach.62, 157, 761, Nu. 367, Pl.Tht. 180b, Grg. 490e, Chrm. 174b: twice in Trag., S. Tr. 427, E.Hel. 567: with Art.,

    τὰν ποίαν σύριγγα; Theoc.5.5

    : abbrev. ποῖ (q.v.).
    3 with the Art., when the question implies a Noun which is defined by the Art. or the context,

    τὸ π. εὑρὼν.. φάρμακον; A.Pr. 251

    ;

    τὰ π. τρύχη; μῶν ἐν οἷς..; Ar.Ach. 418

    ; λέγεις δὲ τὴν π. κατάστασιν ὀλιγαρχίαν; Answ.

    τὴν ἀπὸ τιμημάτων πολιτείαν Pl.R. 550c

    : freq. with the demonstr., ὁ ποῖος οὗτος Λάμαχος; Answ.

    ὁ δεινός, ὁ ταλαύρινος.. Ar.Ach. 963

    , cf. Nu. 1270, Timocl.12.4 (corr. Elmsley): sts. the answer is given more generally, S.OT 120, 291, OC 1415, Ph. 1229: in Prose,

    τὸ π.; Pl.Sph. 220e

    , etc.;

    τὸ π. δή; Id.Tht. 147d

    , Phdr. 279a;

    τὰ π. ταῦτα; Id.Cra. 395d

    , etc.;

    τῆς π. μερίδος γενέσθαι τὴν πόλιν ἐβούλετ' ἄν; D.18.64

    : so also without the Art.,

    κοῖα ταῦτα λέγεις; Hdt.7.48

    ; π. Ἐρινὺν τήνδε..; what sort of Fury is this that..? A.Ag. 1119; π. ἐρεῖς τόδ' ἔπος; what sort of word is this that thou wilt speak? S.Ph. 1204 (lyr.), cf. 441, etc.
    4 ποῖός τις; making the question less definite,

    κοῖόν μέ τινα νομίζουσι Πέρσαι εἶναι; Hdt.3.34

    , cf. S.OC 1163, X.HG4.1.6, etc.: with Art.,

    τὰ ποῖ' ἄττα; Id.Cyr.3.3.8

    , cf. Pl.Sph. 240c.
    II like ὁποῖος, in indirect questions,

    διδάξω.. ποῖα χρὴ λέγειν A.Supp. 519

    , cf. Pr. 196, S.Ph. 153 (lyr.), etc.;

    ποῖα ἄττα δεῖ ἡμᾶς λέγειν Pl.R. 398c

    ; οὐκ οἶδα ὁποίᾳ τόλμῃ ἢ ποίοις λόγοις χρώμενος ἐρῶ ib. 414d;

    εἴρετο.. κοῖός τις δοκέοι ἀνὴρ εἶναι Hdt.3.34

    ; doubled,

    ποίαν χρὴ [γυναῖκα] ποίῳ ἀνδρὶ συνοῦσαν τίκτειν Pl.Tht. 149d

    .
    III = ποδαπός; ποῖος οὑτοσὶ <ὁ> Τιμόθεος;—Μιλήσιός τις.. Pherecr.145.20, cf. Call.Epigr. 36.
    2 whose?

    ἐν π. δυνάμει ἢ ἐν π. ὀνόματι; Act.Ap.4.7

    , cf.Ev.Matt. 21.23.
    IV simply, what, which? esp. of place or time,

    ποίης ἐξ εὔχεται εἶναι γαίης; Od.1.406

    , cf. Pi.P.4.97;

    ἐν π. πόλει; Eup.23

     D., cf. Alex.267.6;

    ἐκ ποίας πόλεως σὺ εἶ; LXX 2 Ki.15.2

    , cf. 3 Ki.13.12, al., Act.Ap.23.34; ποίᾳ ἄλλῃ (sc. ὁδῷ); by what other way? Ar.Av. 1219 (hence κοίῃ metaph., how? Hdt.1.30); ποίου χρόνου; since what time? A.Ag. 278, cf. E.IA 815 (nisi leg. πόσον)

    ; ἀπὸ π. χρόνου; Ar.Av. 920

    , UPZ65.7 (ii B.C.);

    ἀπὸ ποίου ἔτους PAmh.2.68.7

     (i A.D.);

    ποίᾳ ἡμέρᾳ; Ev.Matt.24.42

    , cf. Hyp.Epit.31, Arist.Cat. 5a20,22, SIG 826 Eii28 (Delph., ii B.C.), IG5(1).1390.113 (Andania, i B.C.), PUniv.Giss.20.18 (ii A.D.); φυλᾶς ἑλομένοις ἑκάστου ( = -ῳ) ποίας κε βέλλειτει ( ἧστινος ἂν βούληται, sc. εἶναι) IG9(2).517.20 (Larissa, iii B.C.);

    ποίας φυλῆς ἐστι LXXTo.5.8

    ; π., = quis, Gloss.
    V = πότερος, An.Ox.1.284.
    VI Adv. ποίως Hdn.Gr.2.925, Bacch.Harm.93. [The first syll. is sts. short in Trag. and Com., A.Supp. 911, Ar.V. 1369.]

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ποῖος

  • 5 ἔπειτα

    ἔπειτα, [dialect] Ion. and [dialect] Dor. [full] ἔπειτε( [full] ν) (q.v.), Adv., ([etym.] ἐπί, εἶτα):
    I of mere Sequence, without any notion of cause, thereupon, thereafter, then, freq. from Hom. downwds., as Il.1.48, 2.169, etc.: when in strong opposition to the former act or state, with past tenses, thereafter, afterwards; with future, hereafter,

    ἢ πέφατ' ἢ καὶ ἔ. πεφήσεται Il.15.140

    ; opp. αὐτίκα νῦν, 23.551; ὃς δ' ἔπειτ' ἔφυ, opp. ὅστις πάροιθεν ἦν, A.Ag. 171 (lyr.): in Hom.freq. with other Advs.,

    αὐτίκ' ἔ. Il.5.214

    ; αἶψα, ὦκα ἔ., 24.783, 18.527; even

    ἔνθα.. ἔ. Od.10.297

    ;

    δὴ ἔ. 8.378

    : usu. with reference to a former act, just then, at the time, 1.106; freq. in narrative,

    πρῶτα μὲν.., αὐτὰρ ἔ. Il.16.497

    ; πρῶτον μέν.., folld. by ἔ. δέ.., Th.2.55, Pl.Ap. 18a, etc.; by ἔ. alone, Th.1.33, etc.; by ἔ. δέ.. ἔ. δέ.. ἔ..., X.Cyr.1.3.14; ἐπεὶ δέ.. ἔ... ἔ... ἔ. δέ, ib.8.3.24, al.;

    πρὶν μέν.., ἔ. δέ.. S.El. 724

    ;

    ἔ. γε Pl.Tht. 147c

    , etc., f.l. in Ar.Th. 556; κἄπειτα, freq. in Trag., S.Aj.61, 305, etc.
    2 c. Art., τὸ ἔ. what follows,

    τό τ' ἔ. καὶ τὸ μέλλον καὶ τὸ πρίν Id.Ant. 611

     (lyr.);

    τά τε πρῶτα, τά τ' ἔ., ὅσα τ' ἔμελλε τυχεῖν E.IT 1265

     (lyr.);

    οἱ ἔ.

     future generations,

    A.Eu. 672

    ;

    ὁ ἔ. βίος Pl.Phd. 116a

    ;

    εἰς τὸν ἔ. χρόνον Id.Phlb. 39e

    , X.Cyr.1.5.9, OGI90.43 (Rosetta, ii B.C.);

    ἡ ἐς τὸ ἔ. δόξα Th.2.64

    ;

    ἐν τῷ ἔ. Pl.Phd. 67d

    ;

    ἐκ τοῦ ποτὲ εἰς τὸ ἔ. Id.Prm. 152b

    .
    3 like εἶτα, with a finite Verb after a participle, μειδήσασα δ' ἔ. ἑῷ ἐγκάτθετο κόλπῳ she smiled and then placed it in her bosom, Il.14.223, cf. 11.730, etc.: freq. in Trag. and [dialect] Att., A.Th. 267, Eu.29, Pl.Phd. 82c: so freq. when part. and Verb are opposed, marking surprise or the like , and then, and yet, nevertheless,

    τὸ μητρὸς αἷμα.. ἐκχέας πέδοι ἔ. δώματ' οἰκήσει πατρός; A.Eu. 654

    , cf. 438;

    χὤταν ἐν κακοῖσί τις ἁλοὺς ἔ. τοῦτο καλλύνειν θέλῃ S.Ant. 496

    ;

    ὅστις ἀνθρώπου φύσιν βλαστὼν ἔ. μὴ κατ' ἄνθρωπον φρονῇ Id.Aj. 761

    ;

    εἰ πτωχὸς ὢν ἔπειτ' ἐν Ἀθηναίοις λέγειν μέλλω Ar.Ach. 498

    , cf. Av.29, Pl.Grg. 519e, Prt. 319d: adversatively, answering

    μέν, πολλάκις μὲν ὥρμα.., ἔ... διεκωλύετο Id.R. 336b

    ;

    ἔτι μὲν ἐνεχείρησα.., ἔ... Id.Prt. 310c

    , etc.; also κἄπειτα after a part., Ar.Nu. 624, Av. 536; cf.

    εἶτα 1.2

    .
    4 in apodosi (never at the beginning of the clause; in Hom. freq. strengthd. by other Particles):
    a after a Temporal Conj., then, thereafter, ἐπεὶ δὴ σφαίρῃ πειρήσαντο, ὀρχείσθην δὴ ἔ. when they had done playing at ball, then they danced, Od.8.378; after ἐπεί, Il.16.247;

    ἐπὴν.. δὴ ἔ. Od.11.121

    ; ὁπότε, Il.18.545; ὅτε, 3.223;

    ὡς.. ἄρ' ἔ. 10.522

    ;

    ἦμος.. καὶ τότ' ἔ. 1.478

    .
    b after a Conditional Conj., then surely, εἰ δ' ἐτεὸν δὴ.. ἀγορεύεις, ἐξ ἄρα δή τοι ἔ. θεοὶ φρένας ὤλεσαν if thou speakest sooth, then of a surety have the gods infatuated thee, 7.360, cf. 10.453, Od.1.290, etc.; so after ἤν, Il.9.394; also when the apodosis takes the form of a question, εἰ μὲν δὴ ἕταρόν γε κελεύετέ μ' αὐτὸν ἑλέσθαι, πῶς ἂν ἔ. Ὀδυσῆος λαθοίμην; how can I in such a case? 10.243; when a condition is implied in relat. Pron., ὃν ( = εἴ τινα)

    μέν κ' ἐπιεικὲς ἀκουέμεν, οὔ τις ἔ. τόν γ' εἴσεται 1.547

    ; ὃν ( = εἴ τινα)

    δέ κ' ἐγὼν ἀπάνευθε μάχης ἐθέλοντα νοήσω μιμνάζειν, οὔ οἱ ἔ. ἄρκιον ἐσσεῖται 2.392

    .
    II of Sequence in thought, i.e. Consequence or Inference, then, therefore,

    ξεῖν', ἐπεὶ ἂρ δὴ ἔ... μενεαίνεις Od.17.185

    , cf. Il.15.49, 18.357;

    οὐ σύ γ' ἔ. Τυδέος ἔκγονός ἐσσι 5.812

    ; rarely at the beginning,

    ἔπειθ' ἑλοῦ γε θάτερα S.El. 345

    .
    2 in telling a story, νῆσος ἔ. τις ἔστι now, there is an island, Od.4.354, cf. 9.116.
    3 in [dialect] Att. freq. to introduce emphatic questions, why then.. ?

    ἔ. τοῦ δέει; Ar.Pl. 827

    , cf. Th. 188, Nu. 226; mostly to express surprise, or to sneer, and so forsooth..? and so really..? ἔ. οὐκ οἴει φροντίζειν [τοὺς θεοὺς τῶν ἀνθρώπων]; X.Mem.1.4.11; so

    κἄπειτα E. Med. 1398

     (anap.), Ar.Ach. 126, Av. 963, X.Smp.4.2; freq. with δῆτα added,

    ἔ. δῆτα δοῦλος ὢν κόμην ἔχεις; Ar.Av. 911

    , cf. 1217, Lys. 985, E.Alc. 822.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἔπειτα

  • 6 ἰού

    ἰού or [full] ἰοῦ (v. sub fin.), Interj., a loud cry expressive of sorrow, joy, or surprise,
    1 of grief of annoyance, usu. twice repeated,

    ἰοὺ ἰού D.19.209

    ; ἰ. ἰ. δύστηνος or δύστηνε, S.Tr. 1143, OT 1071; ἰ. ἰ. βοᾶν, κεκραγέναι, Ar.Nu. 543, Pax 345: c. gen.,

    ἰ. ἰ. τῶν.. κιγκλίδων Jul. Caes. 330d

    : rarely once, φῦ ( φεῦ codd.),

    ἰ. τῆς ἀσβόλου Ar.Th. 245

    ; or thrice, Id. Pax 110: with other Interj.,

    ἰ. ἰ. ὢ ὢ κακά A.Ag. 1214

    ;

    ἰ. ἰ. πόπαξ Id.Eu. 143

     (lyr.).
    2 of joyful surprise, hallo!, hurrah!, Id.Ag.25, E.Cyc. 464, 576, Ar.Eq. 1096, Pl.R. 432d, Grg. 499b, Smp. 223a. (Sch.Ar. Pax 345, 316 says that ἰοὺ ἰού is of woe, ἰοῦ ἰοῦ of joy: the rule is not observed in codd. In [dialect] Att. Poets it sts. stands extra versum, A.Ag.25, Ar.Nu.1.)

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἰού

  • 7 ὦ

    ὦ and [full] ὤ, an exclamation, expressing surprise, joy, or pain,
    A O! oh! with nom.,

    ὢ τάλας ἐγώ S.Aj. 981

    , etc.;

    ὢ ἔβενος, ὢ χρυσός Theoc.15.123

    : also c. gen.,

    ὢ τῆς ἀναισχυντίας Luc.Pisc.5

    ; with interrog.,

    ὤ, τί λέγεις; Pl.Prt. 309d

    ; in the middle of a sentence, E.Hipp. 362 (lyr.), al.
    II with voc., a mode of address, whether at the beginning of a sentence or in a parenthesis,

    ὦ Ἀχιλεῦ Il.1.74

    , etc., esp. in dialogue and Oratt., ἐβουλόμην, ὦ ἄνδρες, τὴν δύναμιν κτλ. Antipho.5.1; in invocations of the gods,

    ὦ Ζεῦ τε καὶ Γῆ καὶ πολισσοῦχοι θεοί A.Th.69

    , etc.; with imper.,

    ὦ χαῖρε Id.Ag.22

    , S.Aj. 91; ὦ πρὸς θεῶν ὕπεικε ib. 371, cf. D.21.98: sts. following the Verb, E.Tr. 335 (lyr.); in different number from the voc.,

    προσέλθετ', ὦ παῖ, πατρί S.OC 1104

    , cf. 1112, Sch.Ar.Pl.66.
    2 with nom. instead of voc., ὦ δῐος αἰθήρ, ὦ φίλος, A.Pr.88, 545;

    ὦ γενναῖος Pl. Phdr. 227c

    ;

    ὦ οὗτος Αἴας S.Aj.89

    ;

    ὦ οὗτος οὗτος Οἰδίπους Id.OC 1627

    ; also οὗτος, ὦ σέ τοι (sc. καλῶ) Ar.Av. 274.
    3 with both together,

    φίλος ὦ Μενέλαε Il.4.189

    ;

    ὦ τλάμων πάτερ S.Aj. 641

     (lyr., τλᾶμον codd. rec., edd.).
    4 with the latter of two nouns,

    Ἀγάμεμνον, ὦ Μενέλαε Id.Ph. 794

    .—In the first sense usu. written ὤ, in the second ὦ :

    [τὸ ὢ] ἡνίκα θαυμαστικὸν λαμβάνεται βαρύνεται, καὶ χωρεῐ εἰς ἐπιρρηματικὴν σύνταξιν, οἷον ὢ Ἡρακλῆς EM79.13

    : Thom.Mag. p.408R. prescribes ὢ with the gen., but ὦ with the voc., e.g. ὦ Ἡράκλεις, where the whole expression, and not merely the ὤ ([etym.] ὦ, ) expresses surprise (but A.D.Adv.127.24 seems to imply ὦ in both senses); ὤ as an exclam. is found in forms like ὤ μοι, ὤ μοι ἐγώ, ὢ πρὸς τῶν θεῶν D. l. c.: but ὦ πόποι δυσὶ τόνοις χρῆται Hdn.Gr.1.503, so that ὢ πόποι is improbable, cf. Theognost.Can. 158 (as emended by Lehrs Aristarch.3p.119); ᾤμοι and ὤμοι are both recognized by EM822.33, cf. Lex.Mess.p.413;

    ωιμ' Sapph.Supp.23.4

    ; in E., when it stands in the middle of a sentence, it shd. be written ὤ, Hipp. 362, al.: sts. doubled,

    ὢ ὢ κακά A.Ag. 1214

    ;

    ἰὼ ὢ ὤ S.OC 224

     (v.l. ὣ ὣ ὣ); written ὼ ώ in Pap. of S.Ichn.61; tripled,

    ὢ ὢ ὤ A.Pers. 985

     (lyr., prob.). To those who (like D.T.640.11, cf. Sch. D.T.p.257H. ) took ὦ for the voc. of the Art. ὁ, A.D.Synt.45.22-53 replies at length.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ὦ

  • 8 ξενίζω

    ξενίζω (ξένος) 1 aor. ἐξένισα. Pass.: 1 fut. ξενισθήσομαι; 1 aor. ἐξενίσθην (Hom. et al.; ins, pap, LXX; TestAbr B; Philo, Joseph., Ath.).
    ① to show hospitality, receive as a guest, entertain (Hom. et al.) τινά someone (X., Cyr. 8, 3, 35; Diod S 14, 31, 3; Aelian, VH 13, 26) Ac 10:23. ἀγγέλους (TestAbr B 2 p. 106, 21f [Stone p. 60]; cp. Polyaenus 6, 1, 3 ξ. θεούς) Hb 13:2 (after Gen 18:3; 19:2f). The obj. is to be supplied fr. the context (Sir 29:25) Ac 28:7.—Pass. be entertained as a guest, stay ἐν οἰκίᾳ τινός 10:32. παρά τινι with someone (Diod S 14, 30, 3; Philo, Abr. 131; Jos., Ant. 12, 171) vs. 6; 21:16 (on the constr. s. B-D-F §294, 5; Rob. 721); 1 Cor 16:19 v.l. ἐνθάδε Ac 10:18.
    ② to cause a strong psychological reaction through introduction of someth. new or strange, astonish, surprise (Polyb. 3, 114, 4; Diod S 12, 53, 3; Jos., Ant. 1, 45) ξενίζοντά τινα astonishing things Ac 17:20.—Pass. be surprised, wonder (Polyb.; M. Ant. 8, 15; PStras 35, 6; PIand 20, 1; Ath., R. 16 p. 67, 9) w. dat. of the thing causing surprise (Polyb. 1, 23, 5; 3, 68, 9) μὴ ξενίζεσθε τῇ ἐν ὑμῖν πυρώσει do not be surprised (upset, ESelwyn, 1 Pt ’46, 212) at the fiery ordeal among you 1 Pt 4:12; v.l. ἐπὶ τῇ κτλ. (corresponding to Polyb. 2, 27, 4; UPZ 146, 4; 6 [II B.C.]; Jos., Ant. 1, 35). Also ἔν τινι vs. 4 (B-D-F §196; s. Rob. 532). Abs. 2 Cl 17:5.—M-M. TW. Spicq.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ξενίζω

  • 9 προλαμβάνω

    προλαμβάνω 2 aor. προέλαβον; 1 aor. pass. προελήμφθην (on the sp. s. B-D-F §101 p. 53; Mlt-H. 246f) (Trag., Hdt.+; ins, pap, LXX, EpArist; SibOr 3, 569; Philo, Joseph., Just.; Ath., R. 25 p. 78, 23) prim. ‘take before(hand)’.
    ① to do someth. that involves some element of temporal priority
    ⓐ w. temporal force of προ felt rather strongly πρ. τι do someth. before the usual time, anticipate someth. (cp. Theophr., HP 8, 1, 4 πρ. ταῖς εὐδίαις τὴν αὔξησιν ‘begin the growth beforehand in favorable weather’; IG XIV, 2014, 1; Philo, Somn. 1, 2; Just., D. 131, 4 πάντα [of God]) w. inf. foll. (Jos., Ant. 6, 305; B-D-F §392, 2; Rob. 1120) προέλαβεν μυρίσαι τὸ σῶμά μου she had anointed my body beforehand Mk 14:8.
    ⓑ w. temporal force of προ still felt take it upon oneself, undertake (in the sense ‘anticipate mentally’ in Polyb. and Plut.; EpArist 206; w. inf. foll. Hippocr., Ep. 27, 41) προέλαβον παρακαλεῖν ὑμᾶς IEph 3:2.
    ⓒ take, get of a meal (SIG 1170, 7; 9; 15 of the taking of food [ἄρτον, γάλα et al.] in the temple of Asclepius in Epidaurus. S. also vWilamowitz in note 4 to the ins) prob. w. the temporal force of προ felt to a degree ἕκαστος τὸ ἴδιον δεῖπνον προλαμβάνει ἐν τῷ φαγεῖν in eating, each goes on ahead to take one’s own supper 1 Cor 11:21 (s. ἴδιος 1b).
    ② to ascertain someth. by surprise, detect, overtake, surprise τινά someone (TestJud 2:5 running down a boar) pass. (POxy 928, 8; Wsd 17:16) ἐὰν προλημφθῇ ἄνθρωπος ἔν τινι παραπτώματι Gal 6:1. See Field, Notes 190; JRobb, ET 57, ’45/46, 222.—M-M. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > προλαμβάνω

  • 10 πῶς

    πῶς (Hom.+)
    ① interrog. reference to manner or way, in what way? how?
    ⓐ in direct questions
    α. to determine how someth. has come to be, how someth. is happening, or should happen; w. indic. how? in what way? πῶς ἔσται τοῦτο; Lk 1:34. πῶς ἀναγινώσκεις; 10:26; cp. the indirect qu. Mk 12:26 (s. b, below). πῶς οὖν ἠνεῴχθησάν σου οἱ ὀφθαλμοί; J 9:10.—3:4, 9; 9:26; Ro 4:10 (π. οὖν); 1 Cor 15:35 (cp. 1 Ch 13:12); B 5:5 (π. οὖν); IEph 19:2 (π. οὖν); Hm 3:3 (π. οὖν); GJs 17:11 AcPl Ha 5, 3. In ref. to the content of a document πῶς ἀναγινώσκεις; what do you read?=‘What does it say?’ Lk 10:26 (s. HLjungvik, Eranos 62, ’64, 31); πῶς γέγραπται; What does it say (about the Messiah)? GJs 21:2 (codd.). W. the special mng. with what right? with what evidence? in what sense? πῶς λέγουσιν οἱ γραμματεῖς ὅτι ὁ Χριστὸς υἱὸς Δαυίδ ἐστιν; Mk 12:35.—Mt 22:43 (π. οὖν), 45; Lk 20:41, 44 (cp. Gen 39:9); J 12:34 (GrBar 10:8).—γέγραπται Mk 9:12.
    β. in questions indicating surprise how is it (possible) that? I do not understand how (Manetho[?] in Jos., C. Ap. 259 a series of questions expressing surprise, introduced again and again by πῶς; Lucian, Deor. Conc. 10 πῶς φέρεις; TestAbr B 6 p. 110, 12f [Stone p. 68]) πῶς παρʼ ἐμοῦ πεῖν αἰτεῖς; J 4:9.—7:15; Ac 2:8; Gal 4:9. W. οὖν J 9:19; AcPl Ha 10, 9. W. a neg. (Isocr. 6, 4) πῶς οὐ νοεῖτε; how is it possible that you don’t understand? Mt 16:11; Mk 8:21 v.l. πῶς οὐκ ἔχετε πίστιν; how is it that you have no faith? Mk 4:40 v.l. πῶς οὐ συνίετε; 8:21 v.l. Cp. Lk 12:56.
    γ. in questions denoting disapproval or rejection with what right? how dare you? πῶς ἐρεῖς τῷ ἀδελφῷ σου; Mt 7:4 (πῶς ἐρεῖς as Jer 2:23). πῶς εἰσῆλθες ὧδε; how is it that you are bold enough to come in here? 22:12. πῶς σὺ λέγεις; how can you say? (cp. Job 33:12; TestAbr B 10 p. 115, 4 [Stone p. 78, 4]) J 14:9.—Lk 6:42; what does he mean by saying? J 6:42; 8:33; 1 Cor 15:12; Gal 2:14.
    δ. in rhetorical questions that call an assumption into question or reject it altogether how (could or should)?=by no means, it is impossible that (Job 25:4; Ar. 3, 2 al; Just., D. 51, 2 al.; Tat., 4, 2; Ath. 16, 4; 19, 2) πῶς (οὖν) σταθήσεται ἡ βασιλεία αὐτοῦ; Mt 12:26; Lk 11:18. Cp. Mt 12:29, 34; Mk 3:23; 4:13; J 3:12; 5:44, 47; 6:52; 9:16; 14:5 (KBeyer, Semitische Syntax im NT, ’62, 94f). ἐπεὶ πῶς κρινεῖ ὁ θεὸς τὸν κόσμον; otherwise (i.e. if he were unjust) it would be impossible for God to judge the world Ro 3:6. Cp. 6:2; 1 Cor 14:7, 9, 16; 1 Ti 3:5; Hb 2:3; 1J 3:17; 4:20 v.l.; B 5:10; MPol 9:3; Hv 3, 9, 10.—If πῶς is accompanied by a neg., the ‘impossible’ becomes most surely, most certainly (Hyperid. 3, 35; 5, 15; Pr 15:11 πῶς οὐχί; EpArist 149; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 256; Just., D. 18, 3 πῶς οὐχί; al.; Tat. 8, 1; 32, 2) πῶς οὐχὶ τὰ πάντα ἡμῖν χαρίσεται; Ro 8:32.—2 Cor 3:8.—As an exceptional case the opt. w. ἄν (potential; s. B-D-F §385, 1; Rob. 938; 1021f and Ael. Aristid. 29 p. 557 D.; Just., D. 127, 3; Tat. 16, 1; 17, 3f; Ath. 19, 3 al.) πῶς γὰρ ἂν δυναίμην;=it is impossible for me to do so Ac 8:31 (s. Gen 44:8; Dt 28:67; Sir 25:3).
    ε. in questions of deliberation w. a deliberative subjunctive (B-D-F §366, 1; Rob. 934f.—Epict. 4, 1, 100; M. Ant. 9, 40; 2 Km 23:3; Sir 49:11; Ps.-Clem., Hom. 19, 2) πῶς οὖν πληρωθῶσιν αἱ γραφαί; Mt 26:54. πῶς ὁμοιώσωμεν τὴν βασιλείαν; what comparison can we find for the Kingdom? Mk 4:30. πῶς φύγητε; how are you to escape?=you will not escape at all Mt 23:33. πῶς οὖν w. subj. Ro 10:14a, foll. by πῶς δέ and the subj. three times in vss. 14bc, 15.—Hs 5, 7, 3.
    ⓑ in indirect questions
    α. w. indic. after verbs of knowing, saying, asking etc. ἀκούειν B 7:3 (Just., A I, 40, 1 al.); cp. Mk 12:26. ἀπαγγέλλειν Lk 8:36; 1 Th 1:9. βλέπειν 1 Cor 3:10; Eph 5:15. διηγεῖσθαι Mk 5:16; Ac 9:27ab; 12:17. εἰδέναι (X., Mem. 1, 2, 36) J 9:21; Col 4:6; 2 Th 3:7; GJs 23:3. ἐπέχειν Lk 14:7; ἐπιδεικνύειν B 6:13. ἐπισκέπτεσθαι Ac 15:36. ἐπίστασθαι 20:18. ἐρωτᾶν J 9:15. θεωρεῖν Mk 12:41 (TestAbr B 8 p. 113, 10 [Stone p. 74]). καταμαθεῖν Mt 6:28 (on π. αὐξάνουσιν here s. PKatz, JTS 5, ’54; 207–9); ISm 6:2. κατανοεῖν Lk 12:27; 1 Cl 24:1; 37:2. μεμνῆσθαι GJs 9:2. μνημονεύειν Rv 3:3. νοεῖν 1 Cl 19:3. ὁρᾶν 50:1.—The addition of an article gives the indir. question the value of a noun παρελάβετε τὸ πῶς δεῖ ὑμᾶς περιπατεῖν 1 Th 4:1 (s. also β below).—In some of the passages given above in this section πῶς could have the same mng. as ὅτι that, and this equation at the same time suggests how the Hellenic ear grasped the significance of ὅτι that (for the synonymity in later Gk. s. Epict. 1, 18, 7; 2, 25, 3; 3, 22, 51; Jos., Ant. 12, 205; BGU 37, 6 [50 A.D.]; PRyl 235, 6 ἐθαύμασα δὲ πῶς οὐκ ἐδήλωσάς μοι. See GHatzidakis, Einl. in die neugriech. Gramm. 1892, 19; Rdm.2 196; B-D-F §396; Rob. 1032). That is clearly the mng. in Mt 12:4; Mk 2:26; Ac 11:13; B 11:1; B 14:6; 1 Cl 34:5.
    β. w. deliberative subjunctive (ParJer 6, 11 and 14) μὴ μεριμνήσητε πῶς ἢ τί λαλήσητε Mt 10:19.—Mk 11:18; 14:1, 11; Lk 12:11. μεριμνᾷ πῶς ἀρέσῃ 1 Cor 7:32, 33, 34 (t.r. has the fut. in Mk 11:18 and 1 Cor 7:32–34; s. Herodian 5, 4, 9 ἠγνόουν, πῶς χρήσονται τῷ πράγματι). In this case, too, the article can be added (s. α) Lk 22:2, 4; Ac 4:21 (ParJer 6:15).
    ② in exclamations (cp. 1aβ; Schwyzer II 626) how … ! (X., An. 6, 5, 19 al.; Epict. 1, 16, 13; 4, 1, 115; 116, Ench. 24, 3 πῶς ἄνισοί ἐστε καὶ ἀγνώμονες; M. Ant. 6, 27.—B-D-F §436; Rob. 302; OLagercrantz, Eranos 18, 1918, 26ff; KRupprecht, Philol. 80, 1924, 207) πῶς δύσκολόν ἐστιν Mk 10:24; cp. vs. 23; Lk 18:24. πῶς συνέχομαι 12:50. πῶς ἐφίλει αὐτόν J 11:36.—Hm 11:20; 12, 4, 2.—JBauer, Pōs in der gr. Bibel, NovT 2, ’57, 81–91. DELG s.v. πο-. M-M. EDNT.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > πῶς

  • 11 επραξικόπει

    πραξικοπέω
    take by surprise: imperf ind act 3rd sg (attic epic)

    Morphologia Graeca > επραξικόπει

  • 12 ἐπραξικόπει

    πραξικοπέω
    take by surprise: imperf ind act 3rd sg (attic epic)

    Morphologia Graeca > ἐπραξικόπει

  • 13 πεπραξικοπηκότος

    πραξικοπέω
    take by surprise: perf part act masc /neut gen sg

    Morphologia Graeca > πεπραξικοπηκότος

  • 14 πραξικοπείν

    πραξικοπέω
    take by surprise: pres inf act (attic epic doric)

    Morphologia Graeca > πραξικοπείν

  • 15 πραξικοπεῖν

    πραξικοπέω
    take by surprise: pres inf act (attic epic doric)

    Morphologia Graeca > πραξικοπεῖν

  • 16 πραξικοπήσαντας

    πραξικοπέω
    take by surprise: aor part act masc acc pl

    Morphologia Graeca > πραξικοπήσαντας

  • 17 πραξικοπήσαντος

    πραξικοπέω
    take by surprise: aor part act masc /neut gen sg

    Morphologia Graeca > πραξικοπήσαντος

  • 18 πραξικοπήσας

    πραξικοπήσᾱς, πραξικοπέω
    take by surprise: aor part act masc nom /voc sg (attic epic ionic)

    Morphologia Graeca > πραξικοπήσας

  • 19 προκαταλαμβάνω

    V 0-25-0-2-14=41 Jgs 1,12.13; 3,28
    A: to overtake, to surprise [τινα] 3 Mc 2,20
    M: to take first, to capture first [τι] 2 Kgs 12,18; id. [τινα] 1 Mc 6,27; to occupy in advance [τι] JgsA 3,28; to capture, to occupy [τινα] 2 Sm 8,4
    προκατελάβοντο φυλακὰς οἱ ὀφθαλμοί μου my eyes have anticipated the watchers, my eyes stayed awake Ps 76 (77),5
    → SCHLEUSNER(Ps 76(77),5)

    Lust (λαγνεία) > προκαταλαμβάνω

  • 20 ὦ

    + I 3-4-25-11-48=91 Gn 27,20; Nm 24,23(bis); 2 Kgs 3,10; 6,5
    expresing a mode of address followed by a voc., it remains untranslated: Gn 27,20
    expressing a mode of address connoting surprise, joy or pain: oh, alas Nm 24,23; oh, ho [+gen.] TobS 7,6
    *Jer 6,6 ὦ (πόλις) oh! (city), woe (to the city)!-(העיר) הוי for MT (העיר) היא this (is the city)
    Cf. KRAFT 1972 161.173-175; WALTERS 1973, 228-236

    Lust (λαγνεία) > ὦ

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